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Ervin Marton (known as Marton Ervin in Hungarian; June 17, 1912 – April 30, 1968) was a Hungarian artist and photographer who became an integral part of the Paris art culture beginning in 1937. An internationally recognized photographer, he is known for his portraits of many key figures in art, literature and the sciences working in Paris, as well as for his candid "street photography". His work was regularly exhibited in Paris during his lifetime, as well as in Budapest, London and Milan. It is held by the Hungarian National Gallery, the ''Bibliothèque Nationale'' in Paris, and the Hungarian Museum of Photography, as well as by major corporations and private collectors in Europe and the United States. Together with numerous other Hungarians and immigrants, Marton joined the French Resistance during the Nazi occupation of Paris in World War II. Artists and intellectuals participated in projects of aiding refugees, printing clandestine communications to keep up morale, and forging passes to aid people trying to escape the Nazis. Afterward, Marton was awarded the ''Médaille de la Libération'' (French Liberation Medal) by the French government. Renewed interest in the Hungarian artists of 20th-century Paris has generated major 21st-century exhibits of Ervin Marton and his contemporaries. These include exhibits in Vienna, Austria (2004); and Kecskemét (2004) and Budapest, Hungary (2007 and 2010). Marton's street photography of Paris was exhibited in California (2009) together with that of the 20th-century photographers Inge Morath and Max Yavno.〔Max Yavno (1911–1985) was an American photographer who from 1936–1942 worked for the Works Progress Administration. He produced two books of photography. After supporting himself through high-quality commercial photography, beginning in 1975, he created independent landscape and urban photography again. (Constance B. Schulz, "Max Yavno" ), JRank, accessed 17 Nov 2010〕 In 2010–2011 Marton's photos of female nudes were exhibited with those of other Hungarian artists at the ''Institut hongrois'' in Paris. ==Early life and education== Ervin Marton was born in Budapest, Austria-Hungary, on June 17, 1912 to István Preisz and his wife Janka Csillag, a Jewish-Hungarian couple. He had two sisters. Ervin started drawing as a child; and as a teenager, he began to work in photography, although he never studied it formally. A cousin by marriage was Lajos Tihanyi (1885–1938), one of the Hungarian artists' circle known as The Eight (''Nyolcak'') (1909–1918 in Budapest), who became a renowned painter and lithographer. In 1919, after the fall of the short-lived Hungarian Democratic Republic, Tihanyi emigrated to Vienna. He went on to Berlin, where he became friends with Brassaï and other younger Hungarian artists and writers.〔(Brassai, ''Letters to My Parents'' ), University of Chicago Press, 1995, p. 241, accessed 6 Sep 2010〕 After the Hungarian and Russian revolutions, many artists and intellectuals migrated to Berlin from Eastern and Central Europe, where in the early 1920s, there was a "short-lived" synthesis of the international avant-garde with artists and intellectuals of Western Europe.〔(Krisztina Passuth, "Hungarian Art Outside Hungary: Berlin in the 1920s" ), ''Hungarian Studies'', 1994, Vol.19, No. 1-2, p. 132,accessed 2 February 2013〕 Lastly, Tihanyi emigrated to Paris in 1924, along with many other Hungarian artists,〔(“Tihanyi, Lajos” ), Terminartors, accessed 3 Sep 2010〕〔(“Ervin Marton” ), Cohen Gallery, accessed 30 Aug 2010〕 including Brassai and André Kertész. After Marton went to Paris in 1937, Tihanyi introduced him to many of the friends in his large émigré circle. After completing his Baccalaureate, Marton continued his studies at the Omike Drawing School in Budapest, under the artist Manó Vestróczy.〔("Marton Ervin/Ervin Preisz" ), Kieselbach (Galéria és Auksciósház), accessed 5 Sept 2010〕 He also studied at the Budapest Arts and Crafts Institute (1934–1937). During the summers from 1935–1937, he regularly spent time in Kalocsa, about 90 miles south of Budapest. Marton was fascinated by the Roma, whom he drew, painted and photographed there.〔("Ervin Marton" ), ''Photographie'', 8 Oct 2004, accessed 30 Aug 2010 (in French)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ervin Marton」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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